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This page is about capturing raw USB traffic, e.g. the packets a USB mouse will generate on the Universal Serial Bus.

So for me to read or write any data on the serial port on beaglebone side - I would need to know the port number. Enable Bluetooth Adapter for BeagleBone Black. All that was needed was to connect to the module via the WT-32 serial port, activate the A2DP source profile, and connect the audio to the audio inputs. Why I Have a 3-D Printer; Computer/Electronics Workbench. Computers, Electronics, and Amateur Radio from KC3XM. Configuring Linux as an A2DP Audio Sink. The Bluetooth. I started fantasizing I could ditch the old and ugly linux netbook I carry around as my admin station and connect to the Pi via an iPhone or an iPad. I couldn't find an app that would discover the BT serial link and use it. If anyone has a suggestion, I'd like to try that out.

Contents

USB capture setup

USB attached network interfaces

A special case are network interfaces connected to a host computer through an USB cable. The operating system 'converts' the raw USB packets into the network traffic (e.g. Ethernet packets) and provides a network interface that looks like an ordinary network interface. So you can capture from:

the USB device for raw USB traffic (if supported)
the network device for 'normal' network packets

The USB bus will add additional overhead, so the raw USB traffic will have higher volume than the network traffic, even if the only active USB devices on the system are network adapters. (If there are other active USB devices, the raw USB traffic will include traffic to and from those devices, so it will obviously have higher volume than Ethernet traffic.)

Linux

Capturing USB traffic on Linux is possible since Wireshark 1.2.0, libpcap 1.0.0, and Linux 2.6.11, using the Linux usbmon interface.

First, check if you belong to the wireshark group with:

groups $USER

To add yourself to the wireshark group, run the below command, then logout and login.

sudo adduser $USER wireshark

Then ensure that non-superusers are allowed to capture packets in wireshark. Select <Yes> in the below prompt:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure wireshark-common

The next two commands may need to be re-run after every reboot:

To dump USB traffic on Linux, you need the usbmon kernel module. Blu below the heavens 320 download. If it is not loaded yet, run this command as root:

modprobe usbmon

To give regular users privileges, make the usbmonX device(s) readable:

sudo setfacl -m u:$USER:r /dev/usbmon*

On some Linux distributions (Arch Linux, Debian, Ubuntu, possibly others), the above command may not be necessary if you already belong to the wireshark group. See CaptureSetup/CapturePrivileges#Most_UNIXes.

With Linux kernels prior to 2.6.23, you will also need to run this command as root:

mount -t debugfs none /sys/kernel/debug
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and, with those kernels, the usbmon mechanism's protocol limits the total amount of data captured for each raw USB block to about 30 bytes. With a 2.6.23 or later kernel, and libpcap 1.1.0 and later, that size limitation is removed. Use uname -r to check your kernel version.

In libpcap 1.1.0 and later, the devices on which you can capture are named usbmonX, where X is the USB bus number. On Linux 2.6.22 and later, the special 'usbmon0' interface receives a combined stream of events from all USB buses. In libpcap 1.0.x, the devices were named usbX.

Simple MITM hardware with Linux

If the USB host is a black-box device such as a game console and you cannot capture USB traffic on the host's operating system, here are two DIY-projects that help you build a simple MITM device to intercept and relay USB messages on the USB cable.

SerialUSB
- is designed to intercept USB HID traffic. Originally made for the GIMX project (which lets you connect PC game controllers to the PS4 by converting the HID protocol messages). You will need a Linux computer to capture the HID messages and an Arduino-based USB dongle. Parts are cheap. If you don't like soldering, you can buy ready-made 'GIMX USB adapters' from the developer and from enthusiasts on eBay and elsewhere.
USBProxy
- intercepts USB traffic with a standalone Beaglebone Black, which is reconfigured to act as a USB gadget emulating the device connected to the 2nd USB port. Unlike SerialUSB, this solution works with higher-speed non-HID USB traffic as well (within the hardware limitations of the Beaglebone device).

Windows

You can capture raw USB traffic on Windows with USBPcap. The Tools page lists some other options for Windows USB capture.

A word of warning about USBPcap

There have been problems with using USBPcap in the past, and while these problems should be resolved now, you may wish to familiarize yourself with these earlier problems, in the event you are still affected by it.

Wireshark Bug 11766 - USBPcap prevents mouse and keyboard from working
USBPcap Issue #3 - Windows 7 - USB bus not recognized after restart after USBPcap installation
Microsoft Security Advisory 3033929 - Availability of SHA-2 Code Signing Support for Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2

You can also capture and debug USB traffic on a virtual Windows machine under VirtualBox. In some ways this is more convenient than working with a separate Windows box.

In this example, an embedded Linux device running g_ether (RNDIS ethernet gadget) connects to Windows. e.g. an NSLU2 with a USB slave modification http://www.nslu2-linux.org/wiki/HowTo/AddDeviceSideUSBPort but it should work for almost any USB device.

With this method, Linux recognises the USB device (i.e. >lsusb will still show them), but VirtualBox hooks it into Windows but Wireshark on linux still gets to snoop on all the packets.

Steps:

1. Install a VirtualBox Windows guest on your Linux host. Start up the virtual Windows session.

2. Plug-in the embedded slave device via a USB cable, which itself should be either a device Windows already knows about (or in this case it was running a valid g_ether gadget stack and needed a .inf file)

3. Run >lsusb and take a note of which bus the device connects.

e.g
'Bus 003 Device 003: ID 0525:a4a2 Netchip Technology, Inc. Linux-USB Ethernet/RNDIS Gadget'

4. On linux side,run >ifconfig usb0 down - this prevents both the linux system and the windows system from fighting over the device

5. On the Windows virtual machine, on VirtualBox menus click the checkbox

[Devices]->Usb devices>[x]Your device
to let windows see the USB device.

6. Now Windows should recognise the device and proceed with the 'plug-and-pray' session for driver initialisation.

I worked from the instructions on http://docwiki.gumstix.org/index.php/Windows_XP_usbnet to install the driver.

7. In this example, I had to set up the networking options for IP address, Gateway etc on Windows to match the IP network on the gadget but for other USB device types there will be no extra setup. In any case this is just normal Windows behavior.

8. On Linux, startup Wireshark and using the Bus number given earlier from >lsusb command to sniff for packets.

Hints for developing something like a Windows native 'USBPcap': a kernel mode filter device driver has to be written. An older Driver Development Kit (DDK) is available which at least can compile kernel mode binaries. The most important functions to install the filter driver are CreateService() and SetupDiSetDeviceRegistryProperty() function with SPDRP_LOWERFILTERS parameter.

Discussion

Why was the note about inaccurate time stamps removed?!? - UlfLamping